Harm-seeking done to another person that is elicited in response to some negative emotion. Instrumental aggression Harm-seeking done to another person that serves some other goal. Although instrumental aggression certainly is important, most of the theory and research we will discuss deals with the hot, affective type of aggression because …

Times have changed rapidly and our evolutionary instincts are lagging behind. These days it's all about risk management and moving forward, taking the extra steps needed to reach your dreams. I once asked one of my university professors how he could have continued higher education for a decade before beginning …

To get this mapping, a man and woman are hooked up to the equipment and both are asked to do a spatial task--to figure out how two objects fit together. If you were looking at a computer screen depicting the woman's brain, you would see that the color and intensity …

Individual Differences in Aggression The Roles of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Aggression Violence Against Women Reducing Aggression Nonviolence means avoiding not only external physical violence but also internal violence of spirit. You not only refuse to shoot a man, but you refuse to hate him. Martin Luther King Jr …

I tended to be the juggler, while she was more single-minded. It also appears that personality preference (which is discussed in later articles) has a modifying effect on some of these characteristics. Here's another issue: Since a man focuses on one thing at a time and a woman can handle …

For example, according to terror management theory (Solomon et al. When people feel that their self-esteem is threatened, or if they are reminded of their mortality, they cling more tightly to their own worldview, which can mean derogating those with a different belief system. This suggests that one remedy for …

You'll get an understanding of the reasons behind the way you think and why specific thoughts seem to come into your mind by themselves. This is another level of knowing yourself, another level of delving into your inner workings. As your understanding of the why behind your thoughts begins to …

When we finished, the C. A few of his early questions really drove home how important it is to focus on strengths and weaknesses, then gear your plan according to those. Why did you have these tiny women carrying the same amount of equipment as the big 6'4 tanks? Why …

These smaller steps can be broken down even more if you need to. Just get it to a point where every step you need to take can be translated into a task for your schedule. This is also chunking. In fact, we're going to look at chunking in a few …

The guide was a woman. We entered the same room and she said, Now you'll notice a few guns on the wall and ceiling, but notice the covering on these chairs and the tapestry on the walls. And with that she launched into a detailed description of items that had …

As the Eagles and Rattlers collaborated on this and other such challenges, their hostilities disintegrated. They were no longer two groups warring with each other but rather one united group working together. Successfully achieving common goals effectively reduced their prejudice. In the Robbers Cave study, two groups of boys competing …

He bent the rules and used some controversial tactics to stifle Tyson and take the win. In the rematch, he opened up in the same way. Tyson quickly became frustrated and responded by biting off a piece of Holyfield's ear. This got him disqualified and banned from boxing. Years later …

If I pretend I saw it all, understood it all, recall it all, there will be many times when I will argue in vain or cause intense pain in relationship with my inability to hear the other person whose point of view is equally good, although probably as partial as …

Anyone who wants to play on the team will have to work hard. Still, the players struggle to get past their mistrust of one another. Seeing how his team continues to default to self-segregation by race, Coach Boone intervenes. When the team heads off to a training camp in two …

This is because they only process whether they can continue in a straight line or not. They don't have the ability to pre-plan a route, or to remember where they've been. It's like a computer program - it asks, Is there a path directly ahead? If there is, it follows it …

I don't think women do this very well. They latch on to the first thing that comes to mind, get totally emotionally involved in it. The next thing you know, you're arguing about everything under the sun, and no one is happy. I believe in a clear definition of the …

This means you're more likely to make bad decisions - your willpower has almost been deactivated because you bypassed it. Imagine the person who starts off the day by snoozing the alarm multiple times, putting off when they have to get up. This person is also staying in their pyjamas instead …

We have responsibility for each other's nurturing. It is likewise the duty of every husband and wife to know when to remain silent. There are times of silence when the highest form of love we can express may be a hand laid gently on our mate's hand or shoulder. Never …

One way is to impress on them the necessity of cooperating with those with whom they are working. When people realize that they need to cooperate with an outgroup person, they can be motivated to be nonbiased in their interactions with the outgroup and even show improved memory for the …

At first I was only working out for half hour - easy, right? But two months later I was hitting the gym four times a week for half hour and feeling pretty great. Four months in my habit was built and I had three to four weekly sessions of almost an …

I learned to read the message in his nonverbal signals. This translated to my listening to what my counselees could not put into words. I learned to listen to the message behind the message--the hurt, the ache, the frustration, the loss of hope, the fear of rejection, the feeling of …

Her nine-year-old classmates began calling her Loser Muslim after her teacher said that she should be transferred to another classroom. Soon her younger siblings were targeted by bullying, too. Eventually even her best friend turned her back on her. This heart-wrenching story reveals how prejudice can flare up when people …

I want to cancel all advance judgments--prejudgments--and recognize them for what they are, prejudices. I want to hear the other in a fresh, new way with whatever energies I have available. Two other defensive indicators may be: rehearsing our responses and responding to explosive words. Rehearsing a response (as well …

A gay 18-year-old student named Tyler Clementi chose to conceal his sexual orientation when he enrolled at Rutgers University. In 2010, Tyler was publicly outed when his dormitory roommate streamed over the Internet a surreptitiously made video of an intimate encounter Tyler had with another man. The trauma of this …

Being able to do this is almost like playing God in an RPG - you're creating a character with the stats you want. It's perfect for the business world because you can be perceived however you want. Create a persona and live it. Some of you may have heard of NLP …

With this approach, you become smarter and stronger over time, so it's inevitable that your goals will one day be within reach. There isn't an automatic boost from failure though. You still have to view each situation critically and figure out what can be learned. What could you have done …

If necessary, practice saying this sentence so that you will be able to say it when it fits a disagreement or discussion with your spouse. When you honestly own up to knowing that you are wrong and the other person is right, you improve communication a thousandfold and deepen your …

Researchers also have learned a great deal about the processes that contribute to the deleterious effects of stereotype threat. First, it's important to point out that those who care the most about being successful feel stereotype threat most acutely (Steele, 1997). You have to be invested in doing well to …

Lewis et al. Troxel et al. Although perceiving frequent discrimination predicts poorer well-being, this correlation also implies that those who do not perceive frequent experiences of prejudice fare much better psychologically. Later, we will discuss how particular ways of perceiving and reacting to discrimination can sometimes buffer people from the …

Silence can communicate a multitude of things: happiness, satisfaction, a sense of contentment and wellbeing. But more often than not it communicates dissatisfaction, contempt, anger, pouting, sulking and attitudes that say, Who gives a darn? When silence prevails, there is little opportunity to resolve issues and move forward in a …

The bar graph plots the percentage of students earning a D or below in course for historical norms, control condition, and affirmation condition. The x-axis of the graph represents African Americans and European Americans for historical norms, control condition, and affirmation condition. The y-axis of the graph represents Percentage of …

While these five weren't the physically weakest, they were the mentally weakest. I talked to a couple of them afterwards. Their reason for quitting? It was too much, I couldn't keep up with the rest. I'm just not as strong as the others, it's not my specialty. I tried my …

Coping with Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination Reducing Prejudice History is littered with examples of the physical, psychological, and economic harm that prejudice can cause to people. This harm has often been obvious and severe, as in atrocities such as genocide, enslavement, and colonization. And these atrocities often continue to affect …

Is there something you could have done differently that would have helped you to succeed? Did you do things that weren't necessary or didn't have an impact? Treat failure as a step on the path to success - you've found another way NOT to do it, so you are closer to …

You and Sue are similar. But you were raised in different homes with different parents, siblings and experiences and, in effect, different cultures. You may eat the same types of foods, but they were prepared differently. You have different customs, different rituals, in your families, different beliefs and values, and …

I just keep getting the feeling that something in this room is missing. I can't define it. We need to get a better handle on something. Bob: I think you're just stuck in your own point of view. You remember something from your home when you were a kid, and …

It is fortunate that many law-enforcement personnel receive training that has some effect in reducing these biases. Iesha Evans is one of thousands of people protesting what they see as police misconduct aimed at members of the Black community fueled by implicit, if not explicit, racial bias. Nevertheless, tragic errors …

These should be reserved for your spouse. Technology does change relationships for good or bad. When God said in Genesis 2:18 that it was not good for man to be alone, He was not talking about connecting via Facearticle, Twitter or any other social media site. He was talking …

There are lots of individuals who overcame extremely limiting circumstances to become some of the best in the world at what they do. Stephen Hawking is a good example. Here's an absolute genius, one of the smartest minds of our time, who also happened to be diagnosed with ALS at …

Their personalities are formed in a way that supports an adventurous, confident lifestyle and gives them the tools and coping mechanisms needed to walk this kind of path. From a young age, they get in the habit of trying hard, believing in themselves, taking chances, and brushing off any failures …